diff --git a/lamports-paradox/README.md b/lamports-paradox/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06a4ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lamports-paradox/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Lamport's Paradox + +## Text + +In a world where causality is king and conflicts are inevitable, a mysterious piece of software claims to reconcile all differences... but something doesn’t add up. Dr. Cora Delaney-Turing (CRDT for short), a renowned post-doc in distributed systems, has left behind a cryptic program for her peers to reverse engineer. The software operates on an unknown causal model and uses cutting-edge conflict-resolution techniques. However, there’s a catch—hidden within its elegant logic is a key, a secret Dr. Delaney-Turing never intended anyone to find. + +Your mission: uncover the hidden message buried in the code and unravel the mystery behind Dr. Delaney-Turing’s ultimate creation. Can you restore order from the chaos, or will you be consumed by the conflicts within? + +## Files + +secret (binary, not source) + +## How to Deploy + +n/a diff --git a/lamports-paradox/SOLUTION.md b/lamports-paradox/SOLUTION.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27f0000 --- /dev/null +++ b/lamports-paradox/SOLUTION.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## Difficulty + +20/100 | EASY + +## Category + +SOFT Challenge + +## How To Solve + +Reverse engineer the binary to find the serial key: 137-COOKIE. (as shown in screenshot) + +## Flag + +IGCTF{it's always 42} diff --git a/lamports-paradox/aes.c b/lamports-paradox/aes.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4481f7b --- /dev/null +++ b/lamports-paradox/aes.c @@ -0,0 +1,572 @@ +/* + +This is an implementation of the AES algorithm, specifically ECB, CTR and CBC mode. +Block size can be chosen in aes.h - available choices are AES128, AES192, AES256. + +The implementation is verified against the test vectors in: + National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-38A 2001 ED + +ECB-AES128 +---------- + + plain-text: + 6bc1bee22e409f96e93d7e117393172a + ae2d8a571e03ac9c9eb76fac45af8e51 + 30c81c46a35ce411e5fbc1191a0a52ef + f69f2445df4f9b17ad2b417be66c3710 + + key: + 2b7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c + + resulting cipher + 3ad77bb40d7a3660a89ecaf32466ef97 + f5d3d58503b9699de785895a96fdbaaf + 43b1cd7f598ece23881b00e3ed030688 + 7b0c785e27e8ad3f8223207104725dd4 + + +NOTE: String length must be evenly divisible by 16byte (str_len % 16 == 0) + You should pad the end of the string with zeros if this is not the case. + For AES192/256 the key size is proportionally larger. + +*/ + + +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* Includes: */ +/*****************************************************************************/ +#include // CBC mode, for memset +#include "aes.h" + +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* Defines: */ +/*****************************************************************************/ +// The number of columns comprising a state in AES. This is a constant in AES. Value=4 +#define Nb 4 + +#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1) + #define Nk 8 + #define Nr 14 +#elif defined(AES192) && (AES192 == 1) + #define Nk 6 + #define Nr 12 +#else + #define Nk 4 // The number of 32 bit words in a key. + #define Nr 10 // The number of rounds in AES Cipher. +#endif + +// jcallan@github points out that declaring Multiply as a function +// reduces code size considerably with the Keil ARM compiler. +// See this link for more information: https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-C/pull/3 +#ifndef MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION + #define MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION 0 +#endif + + + + +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* Private variables: */ +/*****************************************************************************/ +// state - array holding the intermediate results during decryption. +typedef uint8_t state_t[4][4]; + + + +// The lookup-tables are marked const so they can be placed in read-only storage instead of RAM +// The numbers below can be computed dynamically trading ROM for RAM - +// This can be useful in (embedded) bootloader applications, where ROM is often limited. +static const uint8_t sbox[256] = { + //0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F + 0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, + 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, + 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, + 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, + 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, + 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, + 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, + 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, + 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, + 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, + 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, + 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, + 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, + 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, + 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, + 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16 }; + +#if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1) +static const uint8_t rsbox[256] = { + 0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, + 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, + 0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, + 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, + 0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, + 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, + 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06, + 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, + 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73, + 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, + 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b, + 0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, + 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, + 0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, + 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, + 0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d }; +#endif + +// The round constant word array, Rcon[i], contains the values given by +// x to the power (i-1) being powers of x (x is denoted as {02}) in the field GF(2^8) +static const uint8_t Rcon[11] = { + 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36 }; + +/* + * Jordan Goulder points out in PR #12 (https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-C/pull/12), + * that you can remove most of the elements in the Rcon array, because they are unused. + * + * From Wikipedia's article on the Rijndael key schedule @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijndael_key_schedule#Rcon + * + * "Only the first some of these constants are actually used – up to rcon[10] for AES-128 (as 11 round keys are needed), + * up to rcon[8] for AES-192, up to rcon[7] for AES-256. rcon[0] is not used in AES algorithm." + */ + + +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* Private functions: */ +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* +static uint8_t getSBoxValue(uint8_t num) +{ + return sbox[num]; +} +*/ +#define getSBoxValue(num) (sbox[(num)]) + +// This function produces Nb(Nr+1) round keys. The round keys are used in each round to decrypt the states. +static void KeyExpansion(uint8_t* RoundKey, const uint8_t* Key) +{ + unsigned i, j, k; + uint8_t tempa[4]; // Used for the column/row operations + + // The first round key is the key itself. + for (i = 0; i < Nk; ++i) + { + RoundKey[(i * 4) + 0] = Key[(i * 4) + 0]; + RoundKey[(i * 4) + 1] = Key[(i * 4) + 1]; + RoundKey[(i * 4) + 2] = Key[(i * 4) + 2]; + RoundKey[(i * 4) + 3] = Key[(i * 4) + 3]; + } + + // All other round keys are found from the previous round keys. + for (i = Nk; i < Nb * (Nr + 1); ++i) + { + { + k = (i - 1) * 4; + tempa[0]=RoundKey[k + 0]; + tempa[1]=RoundKey[k + 1]; + tempa[2]=RoundKey[k + 2]; + tempa[3]=RoundKey[k + 3]; + + } + + if (i % Nk == 0) + { + // This function shifts the 4 bytes in a word to the left once. + // [a0,a1,a2,a3] becomes [a1,a2,a3,a0] + + // Function RotWord() + { + const uint8_t u8tmp = tempa[0]; + tempa[0] = tempa[1]; + tempa[1] = tempa[2]; + tempa[2] = tempa[3]; + tempa[3] = u8tmp; + } + + // SubWord() is a function that takes a four-byte input word and + // applies the S-box to each of the four bytes to produce an output word. + + // Function Subword() + { + tempa[0] = getSBoxValue(tempa[0]); + tempa[1] = getSBoxValue(tempa[1]); + tempa[2] = getSBoxValue(tempa[2]); + tempa[3] = getSBoxValue(tempa[3]); + } + + tempa[0] = tempa[0] ^ Rcon[i/Nk]; + } +#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1) + if (i % Nk == 4) + { + // Function Subword() + { + tempa[0] = getSBoxValue(tempa[0]); + tempa[1] = getSBoxValue(tempa[1]); + tempa[2] = getSBoxValue(tempa[2]); + tempa[3] = getSBoxValue(tempa[3]); + } + } +#endif + j = i * 4; k=(i - Nk) * 4; + RoundKey[j + 0] = RoundKey[k + 0] ^ tempa[0]; + RoundKey[j + 1] = RoundKey[k + 1] ^ tempa[1]; + RoundKey[j + 2] = RoundKey[k + 2] ^ tempa[2]; + RoundKey[j + 3] = RoundKey[k + 3] ^ tempa[3]; + } +} + +void AES_init_ctx(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key) +{ + KeyExpansion(ctx->RoundKey, key); +} +#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)) +void AES_init_ctx_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key, const uint8_t* iv) +{ + KeyExpansion(ctx->RoundKey, key); + memcpy (ctx->Iv, iv, AES_BLOCKLEN); +} +void AES_ctx_set_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* iv) +{ + memcpy (ctx->Iv, iv, AES_BLOCKLEN); +} +#endif + +// This function adds the round key to state. +// The round key is added to the state by an XOR function. +static void AddRoundKey(uint8_t round, state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey) +{ + uint8_t i,j; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) + { + for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) + { + (*state)[i][j] ^= RoundKey[(round * Nb * 4) + (i * Nb) + j]; + } + } +} + +// The SubBytes Function Substitutes the values in the +// state matrix with values in an S-box. +static void SubBytes(state_t* state) +{ + uint8_t i, j; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) + { + for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) + { + (*state)[j][i] = getSBoxValue((*state)[j][i]); + } + } +} + +// The ShiftRows() function shifts the rows in the state to the left. +// Each row is shifted with different offset. +// Offset = Row number. So the first row is not shifted. +static void ShiftRows(state_t* state) +{ + uint8_t temp; + + // Rotate first row 1 columns to left + temp = (*state)[0][1]; + (*state)[0][1] = (*state)[1][1]; + (*state)[1][1] = (*state)[2][1]; + (*state)[2][1] = (*state)[3][1]; + (*state)[3][1] = temp; + + // Rotate second row 2 columns to left + temp = (*state)[0][2]; + (*state)[0][2] = (*state)[2][2]; + (*state)[2][2] = temp; + + temp = (*state)[1][2]; + (*state)[1][2] = (*state)[3][2]; + (*state)[3][2] = temp; + + // Rotate third row 3 columns to left + temp = (*state)[0][3]; + (*state)[0][3] = (*state)[3][3]; + (*state)[3][3] = (*state)[2][3]; + (*state)[2][3] = (*state)[1][3]; + (*state)[1][3] = temp; +} + +static uint8_t xtime(uint8_t x) +{ + return ((x<<1) ^ (((x>>7) & 1) * 0x1b)); +} + +// MixColumns function mixes the columns of the state matrix +static void MixColumns(state_t* state) +{ + uint8_t i; + uint8_t Tmp, Tm, t; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) + { + t = (*state)[i][0]; + Tmp = (*state)[i][0] ^ (*state)[i][1] ^ (*state)[i][2] ^ (*state)[i][3] ; + Tm = (*state)[i][0] ^ (*state)[i][1] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][0] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ; + Tm = (*state)[i][1] ^ (*state)[i][2] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][1] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ; + Tm = (*state)[i][2] ^ (*state)[i][3] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][2] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ; + Tm = (*state)[i][3] ^ t ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][3] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ; + } +} + +// Multiply is used to multiply numbers in the field GF(2^8) +// Note: The last call to xtime() is unneeded, but often ends up generating a smaller binary +// The compiler seems to be able to vectorize the operation better this way. +// See https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-c/pull/34 +#if MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION +static uint8_t Multiply(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) +{ + return (((y & 1) * x) ^ + ((y>>1 & 1) * xtime(x)) ^ + ((y>>2 & 1) * xtime(xtime(x))) ^ + ((y>>3 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))) ^ + ((y>>4 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))))); /* this last call to xtime() can be omitted */ + } +#else +#define Multiply(x, y) \ + ( ((y & 1) * x) ^ \ + ((y>>1 & 1) * xtime(x)) ^ \ + ((y>>2 & 1) * xtime(xtime(x))) ^ \ + ((y>>3 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))) ^ \ + ((y>>4 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))))) \ + +#endif + +#if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1) +/* +static uint8_t getSBoxInvert(uint8_t num) +{ + return rsbox[num]; +} +*/ +#define getSBoxInvert(num) (rsbox[(num)]) + +// MixColumns function mixes the columns of the state matrix. +// The method used to multiply may be difficult to understand for the inexperienced. +// Please use the references to gain more information. +static void InvMixColumns(state_t* state) +{ + int i; + uint8_t a, b, c, d; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) + { + a = (*state)[i][0]; + b = (*state)[i][1]; + c = (*state)[i][2]; + d = (*state)[i][3]; + + (*state)[i][0] = Multiply(a, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(d, 0x09); + (*state)[i][1] = Multiply(a, 0x09) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0d); + (*state)[i][2] = Multiply(a, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(b, 0x09) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0b); + (*state)[i][3] = Multiply(a, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(c, 0x09) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0e); + } +} + + +// The SubBytes Function Substitutes the values in the +// state matrix with values in an S-box. +static void InvSubBytes(state_t* state) +{ + uint8_t i, j; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) + { + for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) + { + (*state)[j][i] = getSBoxInvert((*state)[j][i]); + } + } +} + +static void InvShiftRows(state_t* state) +{ + uint8_t temp; + + // Rotate first row 1 columns to right + temp = (*state)[3][1]; + (*state)[3][1] = (*state)[2][1]; + (*state)[2][1] = (*state)[1][1]; + (*state)[1][1] = (*state)[0][1]; + (*state)[0][1] = temp; + + // Rotate second row 2 columns to right + temp = (*state)[0][2]; + (*state)[0][2] = (*state)[2][2]; + (*state)[2][2] = temp; + + temp = (*state)[1][2]; + (*state)[1][2] = (*state)[3][2]; + (*state)[3][2] = temp; + + // Rotate third row 3 columns to right + temp = (*state)[0][3]; + (*state)[0][3] = (*state)[1][3]; + (*state)[1][3] = (*state)[2][3]; + (*state)[2][3] = (*state)[3][3]; + (*state)[3][3] = temp; +} +#endif // #if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1) + +// Cipher is the main function that encrypts the PlainText. +static void Cipher(state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey) +{ + uint8_t round = 0; + + // Add the First round key to the state before starting the rounds. + AddRoundKey(0, state, RoundKey); + + // There will be Nr rounds. + // The first Nr-1 rounds are identical. + // These Nr rounds are executed in the loop below. + // Last one without MixColumns() + for (round = 1; ; ++round) + { + SubBytes(state); + ShiftRows(state); + if (round == Nr) { + break; + } + MixColumns(state); + AddRoundKey(round, state, RoundKey); + } + // Add round key to last round + AddRoundKey(Nr, state, RoundKey); +} + +#if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1) +static void InvCipher(state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey) +{ + uint8_t round = 0; + + // Add the First round key to the state before starting the rounds. + AddRoundKey(Nr, state, RoundKey); + + // There will be Nr rounds. + // The first Nr-1 rounds are identical. + // These Nr rounds are executed in the loop below. + // Last one without InvMixColumn() + for (round = (Nr - 1); ; --round) + { + InvShiftRows(state); + InvSubBytes(state); + AddRoundKey(round, state, RoundKey); + if (round == 0) { + break; + } + InvMixColumns(state); + } + +} +#endif // #if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1) + +/*****************************************************************************/ +/* Public functions: */ +/*****************************************************************************/ +#if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1) + + +void AES_ECB_encrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf) +{ + // The next function call encrypts the PlainText with the Key using AES algorithm. + Cipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey); +} + +void AES_ECB_decrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf) +{ + // The next function call decrypts the PlainText with the Key using AES algorithm. + InvCipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey); +} + + +#endif // #if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1) + + + + + +#if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1) + + +static void XorWithIv(uint8_t* buf, const uint8_t* Iv) +{ + uint8_t i; + for (i = 0; i < AES_BLOCKLEN; ++i) // The block in AES is always 128bit no matter the key size + { + buf[i] ^= Iv[i]; + } +} + +void AES_CBC_encrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx *ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length) +{ + size_t i; + uint8_t *Iv = ctx->Iv; + for (i = 0; i < length; i += AES_BLOCKLEN) + { + XorWithIv(buf, Iv); + Cipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey); + Iv = buf; + buf += AES_BLOCKLEN; + } + /* store Iv in ctx for next call */ + memcpy(ctx->Iv, Iv, AES_BLOCKLEN); +} + +void AES_CBC_decrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length) +{ + size_t i; + uint8_t storeNextIv[AES_BLOCKLEN]; + for (i = 0; i < length; i += AES_BLOCKLEN) + { + memcpy(storeNextIv, buf, AES_BLOCKLEN); + InvCipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey); + XorWithIv(buf, ctx->Iv); + memcpy(ctx->Iv, storeNextIv, AES_BLOCKLEN); + buf += AES_BLOCKLEN; + } + +} + +#endif // #if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1) + + + +#if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1) + +/* Symmetrical operation: same function for encrypting as for decrypting. Note any IV/nonce should never be reused with the same key */ +void AES_CTR_xcrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length) +{ + uint8_t buffer[AES_BLOCKLEN]; + + size_t i; + int bi; + for (i = 0, bi = AES_BLOCKLEN; i < length; ++i, ++bi) + { + if (bi == AES_BLOCKLEN) /* we need to regen xor compliment in buffer */ + { + + memcpy(buffer, ctx->Iv, AES_BLOCKLEN); + Cipher((state_t*)buffer,ctx->RoundKey); + + /* Increment Iv and handle overflow */ + for (bi = (AES_BLOCKLEN - 1); bi >= 0; --bi) + { + /* inc will overflow */ + if (ctx->Iv[bi] == 255) + { + ctx->Iv[bi] = 0; + continue; + } + ctx->Iv[bi] += 1; + break; + } + bi = 0; + } + + buf[i] = (buf[i] ^ buffer[bi]); + } +} + +#endif // #if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1) + diff --git a/lamports-paradox/aes.h b/lamports-paradox/aes.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b29b668 --- /dev/null +++ b/lamports-paradox/aes.h @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +#ifndef _AES_H_ +#define _AES_H_ + +#include +#include + +// #define the macros below to 1/0 to enable/disable the mode of operation. +// +// CBC enables AES encryption in CBC-mode of operation. +// CTR enables encryption in counter-mode. +// ECB enables the basic ECB 16-byte block algorithm. All can be enabled simultaneously. + +// The #ifndef-guard allows it to be configured before #include'ing or at compile time. +#ifndef CBC + #define CBC 1 +#endif + +#ifndef ECB + #define ECB 1 +#endif + +#ifndef CTR + #define CTR 1 +#endif + + +#define AES128 1 +//#define AES192 1 +//#define AES256 1 + +#define AES_BLOCKLEN 16 // Block length in bytes - AES is 128b block only + +#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1) + #define AES_KEYLEN 32 + #define AES_keyExpSize 240 +#elif defined(AES192) && (AES192 == 1) + #define AES_KEYLEN 24 + #define AES_keyExpSize 208 +#else + #define AES_KEYLEN 16 // Key length in bytes + #define AES_keyExpSize 176 +#endif + +struct AES_ctx +{ + uint8_t RoundKey[AES_keyExpSize]; +#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)) + uint8_t Iv[AES_BLOCKLEN]; +#endif +}; + +void AES_init_ctx(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key); +#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)) +void AES_init_ctx_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key, const uint8_t* iv); +void AES_ctx_set_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* iv); +#endif + +#if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1) +// buffer size is exactly AES_BLOCKLEN bytes; +// you need only AES_init_ctx as IV is not used in ECB +// NB: ECB is considered insecure for most uses +void AES_ECB_encrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf); +void AES_ECB_decrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf); + +#endif // #if defined(ECB) && (ECB == !) + + +#if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1) +// buffer size MUST be mutile of AES_BLOCKLEN; +// Suggest https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)#PKCS7 for padding scheme +// NOTES: you need to set IV in ctx via AES_init_ctx_iv() or AES_ctx_set_iv() +// no IV should ever be reused with the same key +void AES_CBC_encrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length); +void AES_CBC_decrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length); + +#endif // #if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1) + + +#if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1) + +// Same function for encrypting as for decrypting. +// IV is incremented for every block, and used after encryption as XOR-compliment for output +// Suggesting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)#PKCS7 for padding scheme +// NOTES: you need to set IV in ctx with AES_init_ctx_iv() or AES_ctx_set_iv() +// no IV should ever be reused with the same key +void AES_CTR_xcrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length); + +#endif // #if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1) + + +#endif // _AES_H_ diff --git a/lamports-paradox/secret b/lamports-paradox/secret new file mode 100755 index 0000000..de35dc3 Binary files /dev/null and b/lamports-paradox/secret differ diff --git a/lamports-paradox/secret.c b/lamports-paradox/secret.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e797c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lamports-paradox/secret.c @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +#include +#include +#include + +#define ECB 1 + +#include "aes.h" + + +int isPrime(unsigned int number) { + if (number <= 1) return 0; + unsigned int i; + + for (i=2; i*i<=number; i++) { + if (number % i == 0) return 0; + } + + return 1; +} + + +int getPrimeIndex(int n) { + int primeCounter = 0; + if (isPrime(n)) { + for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { + primeCounter += isPrime(i); + } + return primeCounter; + } else { + return 0; + } +} + +int main(void) +{ + int number; + char str[7]; + + char key1[7]; + char key2[7] = "r|xzzr"; + char key3[17]; + char enc[17] = "\xce\xe7\xcd\x07\x9a\xf8\x40\x2f\xb1\xe0\xeb\xe0\x3c\x5b\x77\xbc"; + + printf("Enter key: "); + + scanf("%d-%6s", &number, &str); + + int ind; + if ((ind = getPrimeIndex(number)) != 33) { + printf("Bad key\r\n"); + return -1; + } + + sprintf(key1, "%d%d", number, number); + + //printf("key1: %s\r\n", key1); + + for (int i=0; i<6; i++) { + key2[i] ^= key1[i]; + } + + // printf("key2: %s\r\n", key2); + + if (strcmp(key2, str) == 0) { + printf("Decoding...\r\n"); + sprintf(key3, "%s-%s-OK", key1, key2); + //printf("key3: %s\r\n", key3); + + struct AES_ctx ctx; + + AES_init_ctx(&ctx, key3); + AES_ECB_decrypt(&ctx, enc); + printf("Decoded: IGCTF{%s}\r\n", enc); + + } else { + printf("Bad key\r\n"); + return -2; + } + + return 0; +} diff --git a/lamports-paradox/solution.png b/lamports-paradox/solution.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9b5304 Binary files /dev/null and b/lamports-paradox/solution.png differ