feat: add cold-code-challenge

cold-code-challenge/README.md

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+# Cold Code Challenge - Random Large Integer Sorting Edition
+
+## Objective
+
+Solve an algorithmic problem involving sorting an array of random unique large
+integers, and return a specific compressed part of the output.
+The solution that ***consumes the least energy*** wins.
+
+## Problem
+
+**Advent of Energy:**
+You are given an array of random unique integers, and you need to sort them in
+non-decreasing order. Instead of outputting the entire sorted array, your task
+is to calculate the sum of all elements in the sorted sequence, where each
+element is multiplied by its position index (starting from 0).
+
+**Input:**
+
+- A random array of unique integers of size up to 1,000,000, with values
+  represented as 64-bit signed integers, ranging from
+  -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
+
+**Output:**
+
+- Calculate the sum of all elements in the sorted array, where each element is
+  multiplied by its position index (starting from 0), and print this sum.
+
+## Constraints
+
+1. **Execution Time Limit:**
+   The solution must terminate within 30 seconds for all inputs.
+   Solutions that do not complete before the timeout will be discarded.
+
+2. **Platform:**
+   All submissions will be run on a standardized hardware setup
+   (Intel® Core™ i9-13900H) with Ubuntu 22.04 for fair comparison of
+   energy consumption.
+
+3. **Language Support:**
+   Submissions can be made in C, C++, Python, Go, Rust, Scheme, Racket,
+   or Assembly.
+
+4. **Energy Profiling Tool:**
+   Solutions will be evaluated using Intel's **RAPL** or similar energy
+   measurement tools.
+
+5. **Submission Requirements:**
+   Each submission must be a single source file. Participants must also
+   provide the command line used to build the executable binary, which
+   must rely only on packages and dependencies available in the
+   Ubuntu 22.04 package repository.
+
+6. **Implementation Restrictions:**
+   The sorting algorithm must be an original implementation, and participants
+   are not allowed to use existing sorting library functions (e.g., `sorted()`
+   in Python or `std::sort` in C++). However, performance libraries such as
+   NumPy, OpenBLAS, SIMD intrinsics, etc., may be used for optimization.
+
+7. **Submission Requirements:**
+   Each submission must be a single source file.
+   Participants must also provide the command line used to build and run the
+   solution, which must rely only on packages and dependencies available in the
+   Ubuntu 22.04 package repository.
+
+## Submission Limit
+
+Participants are allowed to submit their solution up to three times.
+The first two submissions can be used to get feedback on execution time and
+energy consumption, and the third submission will be considered the final one.
+
+## Evaluation Criteria
+
+1. **Correctness:**
+   The sum must be computed correctly.
+
+2. **Energy Consumption:**
+   The average energy consumption will be recorded over multiple runs of 
+   various array size and content, and the solution with the lowest average
+   energy wins. In case of close ties (taking into account noise from
+   multiple runs), solutions will be ranked based on execution time as the
+   second criterion.
+
+3. **Execution Time:**
+   The time limit for each execution is capped at 30 seconds.
+
+
+## Example Solution (Python - Sum Version with Integers)
+
+```python
+import sys
+
+def energy_efficient_sort(arr):
+    sorted_arr = sorted(arr)
+    # Calculate the sum of all elements, each multiplied by its position index (starting from 0)
+    return sum(i * sorted_arr[i] for i in range(len(sorted_arr)))
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Read input from file
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("Usage: python solution.py <input_file>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    
+    input_file = sys.argv[1]
+    with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
+        arr = [int(line.strip()) for line in f]
+    
+    result = energy_efficient_sort(arr)
+    print(result)
+```
+
+## Sample Input File
+
+Create a text file named `input.txt` with each integer on a new line. For example:
+```
+314159265
+271828182
+-161803398
+141421356
+-223606797
+```
+
+You can then run the example solution with the command:
+```
+python3 solution.py input.txt
+```
+
+This last command should print:
+```
+2193160920
+```
+
+Use the following command to measure energy consumption:
+```
+perf stat -e power/energy-pkg/ python3 solution.py input.txt
+```
+
+### Measurement Process
+
+1. **Run the Code:**
+   Each solution will be executed on the same hardware platform, with energy
+   consumption measured using the profiling tool.
+
+2. **Energy Profiling Command:**
+   A script will manage the execution, ensuring energy usage is recorded
+   accurately.